Ottoman Turk Period
Ottoman Turk Period Ottoman Rulers Khayer Pasha (1517-22) Moustafa Pasha (1522-23) Kouzlagah Pasha (1523) Ahmed Pasha (1523) Ibrahim Pasha (1524) Suliman Pasha (1524-34) Khissru Pasha (1524-36) Suliman Pasha (second time)(1536-38)…
French Occupation Period
French Occupation Period When Napoleon arrived in Cairo, he brought with him a wide array of disorders and also Europe. After the three years that he spent in Cairo, the…
28th Dynasty (404 – 399 BC)
Twenty-eighth Dynasty The forty years ending with the death of Darius II in 404 BC are a complete blank so far as Egypt is concerned. It is only amid the…
27th Dynasty (525 – 404 BC)
Twenty-seventh Dynasty Difficulties connected with the succession kept Cambyses fully occupied for the next three years, but the murder of his brother Smerdis left his hands free to proceed with…
18th Dynasty (1539 – 1295 BC) Part.3
Eighteenth Dynasty To deal adequately with Tuthmosis III's military successes would demand much more space than has been devoted to them. Also we must pass over the far less interesting…
18th Dynasty (1539 – 1295 BC) Part.2
Eighteenth Dynasty If disproportionate space seem here to have been devoted to a single dynastic problem, the excuse must be firstly the importance of the two great personages who now…
18th Dynasty (1539 – 1295 BC) Part.1
Eighteenth Dynasty Details of the fall of Avaris are given in an inscription engraved on the wall of a tomb at El-Kab belonging to a warrior named 'Ahmose, Son of…
19th Dynasty (1295 – 1186 BC) Part.3
Nineteenth Dynasty That for Egypt herself the reign of Ramesses II was a period of great prosperity cannot be doubted. Monuments of the period, dated and undated, are very numerous,…
19th Dynasty (1295 – 1186 BC) Part.2
Nineteenth Dynasty A fine stela, of year 3 found in the fortress of Kuban in Lower Nubia, records the successful digging of a well in the land of Ikita where…
19th Dynasty (1295 – 1186 BC) Part.1
Nineteenth Dynasty After the recovery from the religious revolution, Egypt was a changed world. It is not easy to define the exact nature of the changes, since there are many…
20th Dynasty (1186 – 1069 BC) Part.3
Twentieth Dynasty It was not until after the defeat of Pinhasi that his title of King's Son of Cush, together with other offices which went with it, could be annexed…
20th Dynasty (1186 – 1069 BC) Part.2
Twentieth Dynasty It is only in passing that reference can be made to the buildings erected by Ramesses III elsewhere, a small temple at Karnak being particularly well preserved. His…
25th Dynasty (712 – 657 BC)
Twenty-fifth Dynasty Whether Bochchoris was taken captive by Sabacon (Shabako) and burned alive, as Manetho would have us believe, we have no means of knowing. However, it is certain that…
24th Dynasty (725 – 715 BC)
Twenty-fourth Dynasty The next entries in Manetho as reported by Africanus are brief enough and interesting enough to be quoted in extenso: TWENTY-FOURTH DYNASTY. Bochchoris of Sais, for 6 (44)…
23rd Dynasty (828 – 725 BC)
Twenty-third Dynasty What little of the kind we hear of is derived from the Old Testament, as we shall soon see. Manetho's TWENTY-THIRD DYNASTY consists of only four kings, the…
22nd Dynasty (945 – 712 BC)
Twenty-second Dynasty Not long after 950 BC the Pharaonic sway passed into the hands of a family of alien race. Their earliest rulers styled themselves 'chiefs of the Meshwesh', often…
21st Dynasty (1070 – 945 BC)
Twenty-first Dynasty Throughout the eleventh and following centuries before our era, the essential duality of the land of the Pharaohs found novel and unexpected expression. The initial stage could not…
20th Dynasty (1186 – 1069 BC) Part.1
Twentieth Dynasty Manetho has no more to tell us about Dyn. XX than that it consisted of twelve kings of Diospolis (Thebes), who reigned according to Africanus for 135 years…
British Occupation Period
British Occupation Period The British occupation had no physical changes on Cairo since the British had been ruling Egypt indirectly for years. Tawfik remained the khedive, the consular courts dealt…
Choosing A Dog
Having Your Own Dog Is a Wonderful Experience: Your own dog is the most important dog in all the world to you. It doesn't matter whether he's a mongrel you…