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Fatimid Period
The Fatimid Period Fatimid Rulers Gawhar El-Sakali (969-973AD) Al-Mezz Leideinallah (973-975AD) Al-Aziz Leideinallah (975-996AD) Al-Hakim Biamrallah (997-1020AD) Al-Zahir Lazazdinallah ( 1020-1094AD) Al-Mustansir Biallah ( 1035-1094AD) Al-Mustali Biallah (1094-1101AD) Al-Amir Biahkamallah…
Ayyubid Period
Ayyubid Period Ayubbide rulers King Nasser Saladin (1171-1192AD) King Aziz Emad Eddin (1192-1198AD) King Mansour Nasser Eddin (1198-1200AD) King Adel Seif Eddin (1200-1218AD) King Kamil Nasser Eddin (1218-1238AD) King Seif…
Mameluke Period
Mameluke Period When Shaggar ruled alone, the Mamelukes essentially ruled the city anyway. The white slaves imported by the Egyptian governors now ruled Egypt. As children, they were converted to…
Bahri Mameluke Period
Bahri (River) Mameluke Period Bahari Mamlukes Rulers: Sultan Ezz Eddin Aybak (1250-1257) Sultan Nur Eddin ben Aybak (1257-1259) Sultan Muzafar Seif Eddin Qutuz (1259-1260) Sultan Zahir Rukn Eddin Bybars (1260-1277)…
Burgi Mameluke Period
Burgi (Tower) Mameluke Period Circassian (Burgi) Mamlukes Rulers Sultan Zaher Barqooq (1382-1399) Sultan Farag Ben Barqooq (first time) (1399-1405) Sultan Abd El-Aziz Ben Barqooq (1405) Sultan Farag Ben Barqooq (second…
Ottoman Turk Period
Ottoman Turk Period Ottoman Rulers Khayer Pasha (1517-22) Moustafa Pasha (1522-23) Kouzlagah Pasha (1523) Ahmed Pasha (1523) Ibrahim Pasha (1524) Suliman Pasha (1524-34) Khissru Pasha (1524-36) Suliman Pasha (second time)(1536-38)…
French Occupation Period
French Occupation Period When Napoleon arrived in Cairo, he brought with him a wide array of disorders and also Europe. After the three years that he spent in Cairo, the…
Ptolemaic Dynasty
Alexandria: The Ptolemaic Dynasty The achievements of the Greeks in the ancient world, by no means few, may have reached their peak in the city of Alexandria. No less a…
31st Dynasty (343 – 332 BC)
Thirty-first Dynasty By Ochus's strategical skill and politcal sagacity Egypt was a Persian province once more. Diodorus (xvi. 51) may here be quoted: Artaxerxes, after taking over all Egypt and…
30th Dynasty (380 – 343 BC)
Thirtieth Dynasty After the four months' reign of his son Nepherites II, the kingship passed into the hands of a general from Sebennytus. Manetho's THIRTIETH DYNASTY consists of three members,…
4th Dynasty (2575 – 2467 BC)
Fourth Dynasty Of contemporary remains of Dynasty III, there is nothing more to record save some blocks of a temple built by Djoser at Heliopolis, so that we may now…
5th Dynasty (2465 – 2323 BC)
Fifth Dynasty Whatever the origin of the Fifth Dynasty, there can be no doubt as to its changed and highly individual character. According to the tale, Reddjede's eldest son was…
6th Dynasty (2323 – 2152 BC)
Sixth Dynasty After Wenis the Turin Canon inserted a total of all the years from the accession of Menes down to that reign. The number is unfortunately lost, but the…
First Intermediate Period (7th – 11th Dynasties) (2150 -1986 BC)
First Intermediate Period In the First Intermediate Period as the age separating Dynasty VI and XII is called, Manetho, or rather the Manetho known to us from the chronicles of…
11th Dynasty (1986 – 1937 BC)
Eleventh Dynasty Nothing very definite is known about the campaigns in which Menthotpe I regained the Double Crown, and so put an end to the internal anarchy which had finally…
12th Dynasty (1937 – 1759 BC)
Twelfth Dynasty At the close of Menthotpe I's glorious reign nothing seemed to suggest that the power of his family was nearing its end. Yet so it was. The Turin…
Second Intermediate Period (13th – 17th Dynasties) (1759 – 1539 BC)
Second Intermediate Period Since the passage of Time shows no break in continuity, nothing but some momentous event or sequence of events can justify a particular reign being regarded as…
18th Dynasty (1539 – 1295 BC) Part.3
Eighteenth Dynasty To deal adequately with Tuthmosis III's military successes would demand much more space than has been devoted to them. Also we must pass over the far less interesting…
18th Dynasty (1539 – 1295 BC) Part.2
Eighteenth Dynasty If disproportionate space seem here to have been devoted to a single dynastic problem, the excuse must be firstly the importance of the two great personages who now…
18th Dynasty (1539 – 1295 BC) Part.1
Eighteenth Dynasty Details of the fall of Avaris are given in an inscription engraved on the wall of a tomb at El-Kab belonging to a warrior named 'Ahmose, Son of…